Climate change and regional conflicts in the southern Europe with an emphasis on the Balkan peninsula over the past two millennia

Abstract

The relationship between history of violent conflict in the Southern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula and various reconstructions of temperature in the Southern Europe over the last two millennia have been investigated. The research results indicate that in the period of the first millennium, conflicts were more intense during warmer period, both in the Southern Europe and on the Balkan Peninsula. On the other hand, in the second millennium, we find that in the Southern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, during colder climatic periods, people were more inclined to violent conflicts.